By the end of the 17th century, the anti-tobacco movement was active in Europe, the Church was particularly critical of tobacco fans, and scientists began to investigate the health effects of Smoking. For example, the court physician of Louis XIV, doctor Fagon, called Smoking a Pandora's box that harbors unknown diseases. To this the king replied that he could not ban Smoking, since in this case the state would lose the considerable revenue it received from the tobacco monopoly. Any attempt by the European monarchs of that time to restrict the importation or cultivation of tobacco led to the flourishing of smuggling. In 1890, 26 States of America decided to ban the sale of cigarettes to minors. In 1908, the new York city administration banned women from Smoking in public places, but the first violators of the law immediately began to fight for their rights. Since then, Smoking has become associated with the women's emancipation movement. During the First World war, tobacco became an indispensable part of the diet of soldiers, it was recommended to smoke to calm the nerves. Tobacco went through World war II, and Roosevelt declared tobacco a strategic commodity for the wartime period.